Neurologic symptoms caused by drug antitumor therapy remain a problem. The severity and frequency of development of this type of complications depend on the drug group, dose, and duration of use. Effective treatment requires a proper approach to the diagnosis and treatment of toxic reactions. Therapy of neurologic complications during antitumor drug therapy should be based on personalized approach due to the difference in mechanisms of development and degree of toxicity for each drug and particular patient.
Literature data on the main groups of neurotoxic drugs, mechanisms of their action and treatment of neurological complications during their administration are reviewed.

In recent years, our ability to use genome-wide analyses, including whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing, to determine the genetic basis of pediatric tumors has expanded significantly. In particular, exome sequencing has contributed the evidence that approximately 10 % of children and adolescents with tumors have genetic variant mutations associated with cancer susceptibility.
In this review, we present a list of some genetic variations predisposing children to solid tumors.

According to the statistics of major studies, neurofibromatosis is one of the most common genetic diseases associated with tumor syndrome with incidence rate of 1 case per 3000–6000 people. The most common benign neoplasms typical for neurofibromatosis type 1 are plexiform and cutaneous neurofibromas which amount to up to 95 % of all NF1-associated benign tumors.
Selumetinib is a selective mitogen-activated protein kinase types 1 and 2 inhibitor which showed promising results in the treatment of inoperable symptomatic plexiform neurofibromas. Objective response rate for selumetinib was 68 %. In 2021, selumetinib was registered in the Russian Federation and included into the State Register of Medicinal Remedies. It is important to consider that development of clinically significant adverse events during this therapy can cause drug discontinuation, reduce patients’ adherence to therapy and as a result negatively affect the overall treatment effectiveness.
The article presents a review of adverse events of selumetinib, their prevention and treatment options based on the current international guidelines.

The article presents a review of modern methods of systemic therapy in patients with brain metastases of kidney cancer based on analysis of up-to-date literature data which support multimodal treatment strategy including systemic therapy, radiotherapy and/or surgical treatment. The main goal of drug therapy is to slow down metastatic process progression, increase survival of these patients. Currently, the optimal approach to treatment of brain metastases of renal cell carcinoma has not been established.

Malignant neoplasms are associated with a high risk of venous thromboembolic complications (VTEC), which worsen antitumor treatment and are the second leading cause of death after cancer progression. In patients with comorbid pathology, the risk of bleeding increases, especially during antithrombotic therapy. With a decrease in kidney function, the risk of bleeding increases 3-fold. To assess the possibilities of prescribing anticoagulant therapy to cancer patients with venous thrombosis and chronic kidney disease, a clinical observation is given.
The article presents a case of a patient with breast cancer and chronic kidney disease. For the treatment and secondary prevention of deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities, a patient received apixaban (Eliquis), which prevented the risk of recurrent venous thrombosis without increasing the risk of bleeding. Large randomized trials have shown the efficacy and safety of apixaban in the treatment and secondary prevention of VTEC in cancer patients, including patients with chronic kidney disease. According to the results of real clinical practice, apixaban was superior to standard therapy (low molecular weight heparin + vitamin K antagonists) in both efficacy and safety in the treatment and prevention of recurrent VTEC. Thus, the anticoagulant apixaban is one of the effective and safe factor Xa inhibitors, which is characterized by a rapid onset of action and predictable pharmacokinetics; it can be considered as an affordable and effective method for the treatment and prevention of recurrent VTEC, improving the quality of life and increasing the life expectancy of cancer patients.